SOURCES
Every number on this site traces to one of the 108 documents below. Pick a page to see what it cites, section by section.
Where we estimate, we say so on the page and here. Where the developers' marketing and their signed agreement disagree, we quote both and cite both.
SOURCES, PAGE BY PAGE
EVERY DOCUMENT
The full numbered list. Bracketed numbers in the text, like [1], link here.
Primary documents· 30 documentsSigned agreements, permit filings, and the developers' own publications. These outrank everything else on this site.
- Doña Ana County / Red Chiles A–D LLC / Yucca Growth Infrastructure LLC · Nov. 12, 2025
What we use it for: Project Site ≈ 819 acres; initial 400-acre phase incl. microgrid by Q3 2028; ≥2,500 construction jobs; minimum 750 full-time + 50 part-time jobs within 3 years; $75k–$100k average wage; $50B in 5 years, $165B cap; potable water 20,000 gal/day average, 60,000 peak; microgrid includes natural-gas generation and battery storage, HB93 net-zero by 2045; Exhibit B payments total $11.4M; county's sole remedy is lease enforcement; companies may terminate if incentives abandoned by Dec. 31, 2026; the CBA runs until its listed commitments are complete and contains no decommissioning, site-restoration or financial-assurance clause (the only restoration item is a $1M habitat fund).
- Oracle / STACK Infrastructure, presented to Doña Ana County · July 28, 2026
What we use it for: $4.7B economic impact table; $10M GRT paid to county as of May 2026; $50M water fund 'almost fully funded'; 2,755 construction workers to date, 2.1M hours, 9% construction progress; 14% union rate; $734M contracts with 151 NM suppliers; Q4 2025 start, Q4 2026 initial operations, Q3 2028 Phase 1 completion; '~40% less CO₂ based on real-world operating expectations'; 100% carbon-free matching by 2031.
- New Mexico Environment Department, Air Quality Bureau · July 29, 2026
What we use it for: Bloom Energy Server System, 325 kW and 260 kW units, 2,275 exhaust stacks; 8,760 hours/year; Title V major source (CO and VOC above 100 tpy); PSD not applicable because the source is not a listed category and each pollutant is below 250 tpy; §16.D: NMED removed the applicant's 15% safety factor and will not accept the increase 'from 8,820,970 tpy to 10,144,115 tpy'; depleted anode exhaust ≈95% CO₂ once dried; hot swap of power modules about once per five years; ~95 desulfurization skids; §2.79: the facility is outside the Sunland Park nonattainment area and modelled NOx and VOC are below the ozone screening levels; §16.E: the largest operating Bloom installation is about 25 MW.
- New Mexico Environment Department · Aug. 12, 2026
What we use it for: 2,462 MW; facility at 31.8183, -106.6792, about 3.6 miles south of Santa Teresa; hearing set for Sept. 14, 2026 in Sunland Park (since stayed).
- Project Jupiter Together (paid for by Oracle and STACK Infrastructure) · accessed Sept. 2, 2026
What we use it for: 92% NOx, 83% PM, 67% CO, 21% CO₂ reductions vs. original turbine design; 2.5M gal one-time fill per hall, 960,000 gal fuel-cell fill, ~167,000 gal/yr top-offs, ~2,400 gal/day non-potable average; 7,000 construction and 1,500 ongoing jobs claimed; $12M/yr PILOT; 'nine households' comparison.
- Project Jupiter Together · Aug. 27, 2026
What we use it for: The only published site drawing. Labels: Data Center ×4, Warehouse, Operations, Secure Entrance, Secure Exit, Guard Booth, Security Fence, Transformer Yard, Modular Chiller Plants (closed loop system), Dry Coolers. Basis for our top-down map.
- Project Jupiter Together · 2026
What we use it for: IMPLAN-based estimates: $384.2M/yr construction output; $113M/yr direct operations output; $196.7M/yr indirect; $300M direct county payments; $55M+ annual payroll.
- Project Jupiter Together · Feb. 2026
What we use it for: Closed-loop, non-evaporative cooling with a one-time fill; 'uses water like an office building'; STACK's Hillsboro, Oregon facility cited as precedent.
- NMSU / New Mexico Water Resources Research Institute, report M36 (also presented to the Legislature's Science, Technology & Telecommunications Committee) · Oct. 31, 2023
What we use it for: ~65 million acre-feet of economically recoverable water (<5,000 mg/L TDS) in the Mesilla Basin; 5 MGD brackish RO design at 75% recovery; $115.5M plant construction, $269.5M whole system; deep-well brine injection ~20 miles away; CRRUA demand 3.1 MGD (2020) → 6 MGD (2027) → 15 MGD (2042); $4 per 1,000 gallons. Also: total $269.5M in 2023 prices ($35.1M for a 1 MGD plant, $192.9M for 10 MGD, construction only); study-area brackish water 1,000–3,000 mg/L TDS; arsenic 0.002–0.036 mg/L at the Lanark and Noria wells; Santa Teresa Well 8A out of service since 2001 for uranium and arsenic; the 60–65M acre-ft supply is 'large, but not infinite' and recharge is 'unknown'; an injection well would be NMED Class I (nonhazardous) or Class V with groundwater monitoring, 4–5 years to permit; injection seismicity risk 'reportedly low in this area'; evaporation ponds would need 224 acres at 5 MGD; the report recommends a solar farm to power the plant.
- New Mexico State Land Office · July 15, 2026
What we use it for: Second denial (reconsideration refused, July 15, 2026) of the 0.63-mile state-trust-land segment of Energy Transfer's 17.7-mile, 24-inch 'Green Chile' lateral (up to 400 MMcf/day); the first denial was March 20, 2026. The developers say gas delivery slips to 2027. The same right-of-way politics apply to any CO₂ line leaving the site.
- New Mexico Environmental Law Center · July 2, 2026
What we use it for: The WITHDRAWN turbine-era East/West microgrid applications: 7,959,053 + 5,116,498 tons GHG/yr (~13–14M) and HAPs just under 25 tpy per source. Cited only as history; the current fuel-cell permit 10883 is one permit with far lower criteria pollutants.
- Doña Ana County · 2025
What we use it for: 750 full-time minimum, salaries from $75,000; $300M+ PILOT; 50% GRT rebate on construction; county takes over water service from CRRUA in 2026; annual LEDA compliance reports.
- Doña Ana County · accessed Sept. 1, 2026
What we use it for: Commissioner names, districts, phone numbers and emails on the Legislators page.
- Federal Register (U.S. EPA) · July 3, 2024
What we use it for: Sunland Park, in southern Doña Ana County next to the Project Jupiter site, has been a designated ozone nonattainment area since Aug. 3, 2018 and remains one. The area already fails the smog standard before the microgrid is built.
- U.S. EPA · accessed Sept. 2026
What we use it for: Permit class, siting, monitoring and post-injection care rules for CO₂ storage wells: the operator monitors the site for a default 50 years after injection stops (40 CFR 146.93) and must show the money for it up front. New Mexico has no permitted Class VI wells yet and sent its state-primacy rules to the Oil Conservation Commission in Dec. 2025; Texas has wells and, since Dec. 15, 2025, its Railroad Commission holds Class VI primacy with reviews of roughly a year once an application is complete. This is why the site starts metered capture in year 5, not year 2.
- New Mexico Legislature, Nov. 7, 2023 · Nov. 7, 2023
What we use it for: The Legislature's own briefing on the state's geothermal resource and the 2023 Geothermal Center of Excellence / project fund; context for a geothermal condition in the leases.
- U.S. Energy Information Administration, Today in Energy · 2026
What we use it for: SunZia: 916 turbines, 3,650 MW in New Mexico, with a ~550-mile HVDC line rated 3,021 MW to Pinal County, Arizona, commissioned in 2026; its output is contracted to California and Salt River Project. Physical New Mexico wind exists at the scale of this campus, but none of it is wired to Santa Teresa.
- U.S. EPA, Radiation Protection · accessed Sept. 6, 2026
What we use it for: Reverse-osmosis residuals are the liquid concentrate and the spent membranes; their disposition is regulated at the state level. U.S. water plants generate thousands of metric tons of such residuals a year. Basis for the expert line that arsenic and uranium removed from the water end up in the concentrate and membranes.
- El Paso Water · accessed Sept. 6, 2026
What we use it for: Since 1985 El Paso has treated wastewater to drinking-water standards and returned it to the Hueco Bolson through injection wells and, later, cheaper infiltration ponds: up to 3 MGD injected, more than 30 billion gallons recharged, which the utility says 'slowed the decline of aquifer water levels'. The 40-year precedent for putting water back underground 30 miles from Santa Teresa.
- El Paso Water · accessed Sept. 6, 2026
What we use it for: 'Heavy aquifer pumping up to the late 1980s resulted in significantly reduced water levels in most of the Hueco Bolson and some of the Mesilla. Since then, however, observation wells indicate that water levels have stabilized', through conservation, river water and reclaimed-water recharge. Basis for drawing our table held and then climbing rather than falling.
- New Mexico Legislature / Office of the State Engineer · 1999; rules current
What we use it for: New Mexico's law for putting water underground for later recovery: the State Engineer permits projects on a hydrologic, technical and financial capability report. The legal lever for recharging Santa Teresa's fresh aquifer with reclaimed water and plant surplus.
- U.S. Government Accountability Office · 2025
What we use it for: 'While researchers have successfully extracted minerals from seawater desalination brine, scalability and economic viability have not been demonstrated yet'; viability 'depends significantly on the amount of brine processed'. Seawater brine is twice as concentrated as seawater; Santa Teresa's brine is several times more dilute than seawater, which is why minerals are a byproduct here, not a business.
- New Mexico Environment Department, Air Quality Bureau · July 2026
What we use it for: Table 102.A, total potential emission rate for the entire facility: NOx 37.2, CO 161.21, VOC 124.0, SO₂ 0.08, PM/PM10/PM2.5 75.4 tons per year; Table 102.B HAPs 1.4; greenhouse gas as CO₂e 8,820,970 tons per year (for reporting). The permit requires fuel and power metering and periodic reports, not continuous stack monitors. Read by hand Sept. 6, 2026; text saved in docs/research/primary.
- New Mexico Statutes (Justia) · 2025
What we use it for: Defines a 'net-zero carbon resource' as one that 'emits no carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, or that reduces methane emitted into the atmosphere in an amount equal to no less than one-tenth of the tons of carbon dioxide emitted.' So a gas microgrid can qualify by 2045 through methane offsets; the statute does not require gas hours to fall.
- Doña Ana County, Economic Development · accessed Sept. 6, 2026
What we use it for: The county's own IRB policy: failure to meet promised employment goals results in repayment of tax breaks or increased PILOT payments; early closure requires repayment; the county can terminate the IRB lease. New Mexico precedent for the jobs condition already exists in county policy.
- City of Rio Rancho · 2017–present
What we use it for: 'Rio Rancho became the first City permitted in the State of New Mexico to replenish groundwater by putting water back into the aquifer' with purified reclaimed water, in 2017; Albuquerque has since been permitted. The in-state precedent for reclaimed-water recharge.
- White & Case · 2023
What we use it for: Germany requires new data centers to reuse a share of their waste heat: 10% for centers starting operation from July 1, 2026 and 20% from July 1, 2028. A national mandate for the heat-offer condition.
- U.S. Internal Revenue Service · accessed Sept. 6, 2026
What we use it for: The federal tax credit for CO₂ captured at an industrial facility and stored or used, $85 per metric ton for 12 years for facilities that begin construction before 2033. At roughly 7.9 million tons a year it would repay most of the capture and transport cost on this site.
- Doña Ana County, N.M. (eCode360) · accessed Sept. 6, 2026
What we use it for: The county already requires solar facilities to post a bond, letter of credit, escrow or other financial guarantee for full decommissioning; a New Mexico professional engineer estimates the cost without salvage value after the first year of operation and every fifth year; decommissioning removes structures, cabling and foundations to 36 inches and reseeds with native plants. The template for the sixth condition.
- New Mexico Statutes (Justia) · current through 2025
What we use it for: Four years of nonuse forfeits a groundwater right after notice, except that periods when the right is placed in a State Engineer-approved water conservation program do not count toward the four years. The legal basis for leaving the unused sod-farm right in the aquifer instead of pumping it.
Science and engineering· 49 documentsVendor specifications, operating plants, and university research that the upgrade relies on.
- Bloom Energy (sponsored), Data Center Frontier · 2025
What we use it for: Fuel-cell exhaust has ~10× the CO₂ concentration and ~1/15 the mass flow of turbine exhaust, which is what makes capture cheaper.
- Bloom Energy · 2024
What we use it for: Commercial carbon capture designed specifically for Bloom fuel-cell exhaust, for utilization or sequestration.
- Bloom Energy · 2025
What we use it for: Footprint: ~30 MW per acre at ground level, ~100 MW per acre stacked.
- El Paso Water · accessed Sept. 1, 2026
What we use it for: 27.5 MGD brackish RO plant operating since 2007 on the Hueco Bolson; brine piped 22 miles to three deep injection wells. Proof that brackish desalination works in this exact desert.
- Texas Water Development Board · Jan. 2014
What we use it for: Plant design basis: 15 MGD permeate + 12.5 MGD blend, 16 production wells, injection wells 3,720–4,030 ft deep; $357–$782 per acre-foot treatment cost range.
- NMSU Water Resources Research Institute · accessed Sept. 1, 2026
What we use it for: Vast brackish (1,000–10,000 mg/L) and saline groundwater in the Mesilla aquifer near Santa Teresa–San Jerónimo; CRRUA's fresh groundwater is limited.
- Sweden.se (Swedish Institute) · 2025
What we use it for: A 130-square-metre proof-of-concept greenhouse in Gothenburg growing herbs and chili on data-center waste heat with the city energy company since 2024. A pilot, not a scale precedent; see agriport and enefg for scale.
- [21]Climate Change in New Mexico Over the Next 50 Years: Impacts on Water Resources (Bulletin 164) ↗New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources · 2022
What we use it for: Statewide projection of 5 to 7 °F of warming over the next 50 years and major-river flows down 16 to 28%. Used for the 40-, 50- and 80-year views. (An earlier version of this site attributed a 'recharge down 25%' figure to this bulletin; that figure is from the state's 50-Year Water Action Plan and has been removed.)
- IPCC (Working Group I, Sixth Assessment Report) · 2021
What we use it for: Near-linear relationship between cumulative CO2 emissions and warming; many changes are irreversible for centuries to millennia. Why the long views count CO2 as a running total that never resets.
- U.S. Geological Survey (Transboundary Aquifer Assessment Program) · 2021
What we use it for: Long-term groundwater elevations in the Rio Grande alluvium declined from 2000 to 2020 as streamflow fell and withdrawals rose. Basis for the water table continuing to drop in the long views.
- Fast Company · 2010
What we use it for: Bloom expects fuel-cell stacks to be swapped out about twice in a 10-year server life (about every 5 years). Used to count stack replacements over long horizons.
- Vertical Farm Daily / Spread Co. · 2021
What we use it for: Techno Farm Keihanna, Kyoto: about 30,000 heads of lettuce a day, robotic seeding, handling and harvest, IoT/AI environment control, 99% operating rate, over 90% of water recycled. Cited as a feasibility example only, not the plan.
- Global Times / Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences · Dec. 2023
What we use it for: 20-layer, 8.8 m plant factory on a 100 m² footprint; robot arms seed, transplant, harvest and pack; lettuce in 35 days; about 50 tonnes a year, the output of roughly 4 hectares of field. Feasibility example only.
- ScienceDirect (peer-reviewed review) · 2024
What we use it for: Current vertical-farm lettuce uses about 10–18 kWh per kg; best technical cases 3.1–7.4; a Dutch greenhouse reference is about 3.8 kWh/kg. Why vertical farms wait for clean power on this site.
- Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems · 2026
What we use it for: Cost-competitiveness of vertical farms depends on electricity price and yield targets; the basis for calling it a phase-two option rather than the plan.
- New Energy Economy / public comments on NSR 10883 · 2026
What we use it for: States the project would emit more than Albuquerque, Las Cruces and Santa Fe together; gives no figure. The 6.7 Mt combined figure comes from sourcenm-cities.
- Carrier · accessed Sept. 2026
What we use it for: Typical home gas furnaces are rated roughly 80,000–100,000 BTU/hr. We use 90,000 BTU/hr (≈26 kW), so 1 MW of heat ≈ 38 home furnaces running flat out. A rough equivalence, labeled as such.
- U.S. Energy Information Administration · 2018 / RECS 2020
What we use it for: Context for the home-heating equivalence: U.S. households used about 76.8 million BTU a year in 2020, with space heating and cooling about half of it.
- U.S. EPA WaterSense · accessed Sept. 2026
What we use it for: An average American family uses more than 300 gallons of water per day at home. We use 300 gal/day per home for every 'homes' equivalence.
- U.S. EPA / Harvard EELP tracker · 2015, retained 2020 and 2024
What we use it for: The health standard for ground-level ozone (smog) is 70 ppb averaged over 8 hours. Ozone forms when NOx and VOCs react in sunlight; exposure is linked to asthma attacks, reduced lung function and premature death.
- U.S. EPA · Feb. 7, 2024
What we use it for: The fine-particle health standard is 9 µg/m³ annual average. PM2.5 exposure is linked to heart attacks, asthma attacks and premature death.
- Bloom Energy · accessed Sept. 2026
What we use it for: Bloom fuel cells run on natural gas, biogas, hydrogen, or blends of hydrogen and natural gas. Bloom operates sites on biogas today. Basis for the renewable-gas blending route to lower stack CO₂.
- U.S. EPA, Underground Injection Control program · Jan. 2025
What we use it for: CO₂ is injected below about 800 m (2,625 ft), where pressure and temperature keep it a dense supercritical fluid, into porous rock capped by impermeable shale or salt (the confining layer, or cap rock) that stops it rising.
- U.S. Department of Energy, Solar Energy Technologies Office / NREL · 2024
What we use it for: Installed cost benchmarks: utility-scale $0.98–$1.12/Wdc; commercial (agrivoltaic 3 MW) $1.34–$1.51/Wdc; residential $2.74–$3.15/Wdc, 2023 dollars, before incentives. We use $1.50/W for roof and canopy arrays.
- U.S. Geological Survey, New Mexico Water Science Center · accessed Sept. 2026
What we use it for: USGS has monitored the Mesilla Basin since 1987; groundwater storage has fallen in most five-year periods since 1985 as pumping replaced river water in dry years.
- U.S. Geological Survey, Earthquake Hazards Program · accessed Sept. 2, 2026
What we use it for: Fracking itself rarely causes felt earthquakes; the large increase in central-U.S. quakes came mainly from deep wastewater injection raising pressure on faults. Basis for the 'not fracking, but injection has a managed seismic risk' statement.
- [57]Illinois Basin – Decatur Project: one million tonnes of CO₂ stored, with microseismic monitoring ↗U.S. Department of Energy / Illinois State Geological Survey (Midwest Geological Sequestration Consortium) · 2011–2014, reports through 2021
What we use it for: A working CO₂ storage project in porous sandstone under shale cap rock: about one million tonnes injected over three years; microseismic events recorded were far too small to be felt at the surface. Example of managed injection.
- ThinkGeoEnergy / Turboden · 2019 (plant online Dec. 2018)
What we use it for: New Mexico already runs a geothermal power plant: Lightning Dock, Hidalgo County, repowered in 2018 to about 11 MW net (14 MW gross), selling to PNM. Proof that Rio Grande rift heat makes electricity today.
- New Mexico Energy Research and Development Institute / OSTI · 1985
What we use it for: Doña Ana County sits astride the Rio Grande rift with high heat flow and low-temperature geothermal reservoirs; Radium Springs heats a commercial greenhouse from deep wells. (The 150 °C isotherm depth of under 1 km to 5.5 km is from gsa-2011.)
- Fervo Energy / Utility Dive / Canary Media · 2024–2026
What we use it for: Enhanced geothermal at commercial scale: Cape Station, Utah, first 100 MW delivering in Oct. 2026 and 400 MW more in 2028. The technology a data-center operator can buy today.
- Fervo Energy · Sept. 1, 2026
What we use it for: A hyperscaler buying 396 MW of enhanced geothermal for 2028 delivery, with an option toward about 1 GW by 2030. Precedent for a geothermal share in the Project Jupiter microgrid.
- SaskPower · 2025
What we use it for: The longest-running power-plant capture unit: 848,388 tonnes of CO₂ captured in 2024, its best year, at 85% availability against a 1-million-tonne design; about 6.6 million tonnes since 2014, roughly 660,000 a year on average. Our 90–95% capture figure is a target; this is what a real unit delivers year to year.
- Enviro Water Minerals Company · accessed Sept. 6, 2026
What we use it for: The first attempt to mine El Paso's KBH brine: designed for about 99% water recovery plus commercial-grade caustic soda, hydrochloric acid, gypsum and magnesium hydroxide. In the company's own words, 'due to equipment and other issues during the commissioning stage' its equity in the plant was transferred to another entity. Why this site counts no mineral revenue.
- [74]Bear Canyon Recharge Project: New Mexico's first permitted aquifer storage and recovery project ↗Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority (and Case Studies in the Environment, 2021) · 2008–2015
What we use it for: Recharge tests in 2008 and 2009 earned a State Engineer storage account of 1,073 acre-feet; the project can recharge about 3,000 acre-feet a year by infiltration; New Mexico's first storage-and-recovery permit was dedicated in November 2014 and the first stored water recovered in 2015. Shows the permit path exists in this state and how long it takes.
- [75]The Mineral Recovery Enhanced Desalination (MRED) process for improved brackish water desalination ↗Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination (IWA Publishing), vol. 14 no. 4 · 2024
What we use it for: A pilot for brackish water that reduces concentrate volume, removes scale-formers, recovers magnesium hydroxide and raises water recovery. The honest shape of brine mineral recovery inland: more water first, minerals as a byproduct.
- Göteborg Energi · 2024
What we use it for: A 130-square-metre proof-of-concept greenhouse using about 24 °C data-center heat, growing herbs and chili for restaurants since summer 2024. A pilot about 4,700 times smaller than the acreage proposed here.
- Geological Society of America, 2011 Annual Meeting · 2011
What we use it for: Depth to the 150 °C isotherm under Doña Ana County ranges from under 1 km to about 5.5 km. The source of that sentence on this site.
- Sabin Center for Climate Change Law, Columbia Law School (Climate Law Blog) · Aug. 6, 2026
What we use it for: Survey of early data-center decommissioning rules: Susquehanna County, Pa. requires decommissioning within twelve months of the end of useful life, with bonding; Ohio's 2025 tariff makes large data centers post financial assurance if their credit is weak. Recommends decommissioning plans and financial assurance before permitting and e-waste rules for retired servers.
- Carbon Herald / CarbonCure · Nov. 2025
What we use it for: CO₂ mineralization in concrete is commercial: 690,000 tonnes stored across 10 million truckloads worldwide. Also shows the honest limit: that is a decade of global output, small against 10 million tonnes a year from one site.
- Blue Planet Systems · Feb. 2025
What we use it for: Carbonate aggregate made from CO₂: a plant expansion to 5,000 tonnes of CO₂ a year converted into 11,000 tons of aggregate. Real, growing, and still thousands of tonnes, not millions.
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews (ScienceDirect) · 2023
What we use it for: Absorption chillers on data-center waste heat: single-effect units want roughly 90 °C and their coefficient of performance falls steeply below 80 °C. Cited to explain why this 45–65 °C loop is NOT counted for summer cooling.
- Applied Energy (ScienceDirect) · 2025
What we use it for: Multistage LiBr–water chillers producing chilled water from heat as low as 50 °C; a case study cut mechanical cooling load by about 80%. Shows the direction the hardware is going.
- Nature Water · 2024
What we use it for: The trade-offs of concentrating desalination brine to a solid or near-solid: energy, land and cost per unit of brine avoided. Used to label the brine-concentrator step an estimate with a real energy cost.
- U.S. Bureau of Reclamation · 2003
What we use it for: Reclamation's own inland zero-discharge process train: primary RO, concentrate treatment, secondary RO, brine concentrator, evaporation. The federal reference for inland brine minimization.
- [101]Reference photographs and diagrams from Wikimedia Commons (Creative Commons and public domain) ↗Wikimedia Commons contributors: Victor Grigas, Giancarlo Dessì, Glen Dillon, Bloom Energy, Goatchze, Implicit Matrix, Shigeru23, Florian Gerlach, NAVFAC, RomanM82, Z22, AllenS, Chris (geograph.org.uk), Tara Gross (USGS), NIST, Lufa Farms, California Historical Society · accessed Sept. 2, 2026
What we use it for: Reference photos in the click-to-explain panels: server racks, hydroponic greenhouse, gas pipeline valve, Bloom Energy Servers, gas dehydration unit, Boundary Dam CO₂ compressor, aquifer diagrams, biogas plant, well drill rig, filter backwash, reverse-osmosis vessels, Alamogordo water tower, water-main installation, rooftop solar, rooftop greenhouse, packing house. Each panel names the author and licence; none show Project Jupiter itself and every caption says so.
- Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0 · accessed Sept. 2026
What we use it for: Reference photo of a plate heat exchanger, the one new part in the heat process. Credit: RomanM82, CC BY-SA 4.0.
- U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (public domain) · accessed Sept. 2026
What we use it for: Reference photo of a New Mexico brackish-water desalination facility. Federal work, public domain.
- NASA/JPL-Caltech/SwRI/MSSS; processing Kevin M. Gill, CC BY · 2019
What we use it for: Jupiter's Great Red Spot, used as the metaphor image for 'Project Jupiter as filed'. NASA image data; processing by Kevin M. Gill under CC BY.
- Oklahoma State University Extension (Bruce Dunn, Megha Poudel) · 2023
What we use it for: Raising CO₂ to 800–1,000 ppm can raise C3 crop yield 40–100% with other inputs optimal; but "on warmer days, it is difficult to maintain desirable higher CO₂ levels because of venting to cool the greenhouses", and a properly vented house sits at the ambient 400 ppm. So enrichment is a closed-vent, cool-season and early-morning practice; in a Chihuahuan Desert summer with pads and vents running, most CO₂ fed in leaves through the vents.
Reporting· 29 documentsJournalism used for status and context. Where a number appears here and in a primary document, the primary document wins.
- El Paso Matters · Sept. 16, 2025
What we use it for: The agreements require 2,500 construction workers and 750 full-time workers; Santa Teresa Capital's ~2,600 acre-feet water right; $50M water fund; $360M PILOT; $6.9M community fund.
- Albuquerque Journal · Sept. 1, 2026
What we use it for: Unanimous denial of the developers' request to partially reopen the air-permit proceeding.
- [32]New Mexico Supreme Court puts Project Jupiter air proceeding, emergency well authorization on hold ↗New Mexico Political Report · Aug. 24, 2026
What we use it for: Stays on both the air-permit hearing and the emergency well authorization.
- Center for Biological Diversity · Aug. 20, 2026
What we use it for: Oct. 23, 2025 emergency drilling authorization; more than 103 million gallons pumped since April 2026. (The sod-farm right's size, 2,400–2,600 acre-feet a year, is reported by the Albuquerque Journal, Haussamen and El Paso Matters, not this release.)
- Haussamen (Heath Haussamen) · April 9, 2026
What we use it for: Non-potable sod-farm water is permanent operational use, not temporary; Oracle declined to state volumes; a state engineer official informally estimated ~1 million gallons/day (~1,100 acre-feet/yr).
- Haussamen · Dec. 18, 2025
What we use it for: Agreements grew from 359 to 1,583 pages; 'potable' added to the water-use language; 1,200-acre figure.
- Santa Fe New Mexican · 2026
What we use it for: Total water need near 1 million gallons a day; Santa Teresa Capital's 2,600 acre-feet right bought in 2017.
- Santa Fe New Mexican · April 2026
What we use it for: Switch from gas turbines to 2.45 GW of Bloom fuel cells; NOx −92%, CO −67%, VOC −38%, PM −83%, CO₂ −21% vs. January permit.
- [38]New Mexico regulators reject natural gas pipeline for Oracle's 2.5GW Project Jupiter data center ↗Data Center Dynamics · 2026
What we use it for: 17-mile Green Chile pipeline, up to 400 MMcf/day, for 2.5 GW of Bloom fuel cells.
- Energy Connects / Bloomberg · Aug. 2026
What we use it for: Energy Transfer seeking a BLM route for part of the 17.8-mile line after two state denials.
- Albuquerque Journal · 2026
What we use it for: Hiring reports due in January and April and an annual report due July 31 under the IRB and LEDA agreements were missed, per the county.
- KTSM / Border Report · 2025
What we use it for: About 3 million square feet of facility off Pete Domenici Highway (NM-136).
- Source New Mexico · July 2, 2026
What we use it for: Rep. Micaela Lara Cadena, Sen. Carrie Hamblen, Reps. Eleanor Chávez and Angelica Rubio propose a statewide moratorium for the 2027 session.
- The Daily Lobo · Aug. 2026
What we use it for: Microgrid Oversight Act (SB 235) passed the Senate and died in the House in 2026. (The plan to reintroduce it in 2027 is from krwg-reintro.)
- American Lung Association · April 2025
What we use it for: Doña Ana County received an F grade for ozone with 15.2 unhealthy-air days a year on average.
- Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis · 2024
What we use it for: The critical view of Boundary Dam: cumulative capture well below the design target over ten years. Cited so the skeptic's case is on the page next to ours.
- KFOX / Hoodline / El Paso Water board action · July 2026
What we use it for: July 9, 2026: El Paso Water's board approved sending KBH brine to Upwell Water Critical Material Corp., which would return up to about 3 MGD of drinking water and extract unnamed minerals; the utility's CEO said timing is uncertain and a board member asked who pays. Basis for treating brine as the next feed, with water counted and minerals not.
- Albuquerque Journal (also KFOX14, Oct. 17, 2025) · Oct. 15, 2025
What we use it for: Commissioners voted to pursue the Santa Teresa Aquifer Resiliency (STAR) plant: 4 MGD brackish reverse osmosis plus about 1.5 MGD from wastewater recycling, about $75M in the draft grant application, up to $25M sought from the state's Strategic Water Supply program, a $15M county match from Project Jupiter gross-receipts revenue, and $10M sought for brackish-water research with a $5M Jupiter match; design from 2026, construction 2028 or 2029. NMSU's 2023 figure for a 5 MGD plant alone was $115.5M.
- El Paso Matters · July 22, 2026
What we use it for: About $25M of the $50M water pledge has been collected, held up by state accounting; the county expects it to start flowing in early 2027. CRRUA serves about 22,000 people in Sunland Park and Santa Teresa.
- Source New Mexico · Dec. 5, 2025
What we use it for: Albuquerque and Las Cruces emit a combined 6.7 million metric tons of greenhouse gases a year (Albuquerque's 2023 inventory 5.52 Mt). The comparison holds at the fuel-cell permit's 8.8 Mt.
- Sandoval Signpost · Sept. 2024
What we use it for: An IRB lease amended by mutual agreement (2019 and 2024) to add payments in lieu of taxes when the company needed an investment-period extension. The mechanism by which a New Mexico county negotiates new terms into an existing IRB lease.
- KFOX14 · May 23, 2025
What we use it for: County commissioners voted to terminate the joint powers agreement establishing CRRUA, the utility serving Sunland Park and Santa Teresa; CRRUA continues to operate during a transition. Why the site says 'the towns' utility' rather than assuming CRRUA exists in 2028.
- Data Center Dynamics · 2018
What we use it for: Agriport A7 in North Holland: hyperscale data centers built beside a large glass-greenhouse cluster, with residual heat offered to the growers. The closest scale precedent for greenhouses beside a data center.
- Canary Media · 2026
What we use it for: Cape Station costs about $7,000 per kilowatt today; $3,000 per kilowatt is Fervo's stated goal. Basis for pricing geothermal at $3–7M per MW rather than $3M.
- KRWG Public Media · Aug. 17, 2026
What we use it for: Sen. Jeff Steinborn said at an August 2026 forum that the microgrid oversight bill will be reintroduced in 2027.
- CGA Law Firm · 2026
What we use it for: A law firm's recommended model clause for Pennsylvania municipalities: a decommissioning plan backed by a performance bond of 110% of estimated removal cost, updated every five years. A recommendation, not an adopted rule.
- Haussamen (Heath Haussamen) · Sept. 14, 2025
What we use it for: NMSU's $30,000 advisory contract with BorderPlex Digital Assets on a desalination pilot, and a non-disclosure agreement under which NMSU must warn the company before releasing records and 'provide reasonable aid and assistance' if the company opposes release. Basis for the open question on information versus hardware.
- [105]New Mexico AG to investigate 'alleged fraudulent' letters supporting Project Jupiter data center ↗Source New Mexico · July 9, 2026
What we use it for: Source NM reported June 30, 2026 that residents in three cities, and several elected officials, found their names and email addresses on comments supporting the air permit that they say they never wrote, after canvassers in Project Jupiter shirts approached them. The New Mexico Department of Justice opened an investigation July 9. Stated on the site as an open investigation, not a finding.
- Santa Fe New Mexican · July 9, 2026
What we use it for: The Department of Justice said it received multiple complaints that comments were submitted in people's names without their knowledge or consent; NMED later said about 42 of some 17,500 comments may be fraudulent and changed its comment portal. Used for the record only.
What is estimated, not sourced
- Greenhouse acreage, yields, jobs per acre, and food output use controlled-environment-agriculture industry averages. No Santa Teresa greenhouse study exists yet.
- Capture cost (~$1.5B) is an order-of-magnitude estimate for concentrated-stream capture on 2,275 stacks. No vendor quote exists.
- Solar output per roof is computed from the reported 3 million square feet of halls and standard rooftop yields, not from a structural survey.
- Heat available at the dry coolers is taken as roughly equal to the IT load, which is basic thermodynamics, not a measured figure.
- Map positions are traced from the developers' one published render and are not survey-accurate. The exact boundary of the 819-acre site has not been published.
Photo credits and licences
- Photo: Plate heat exchanger, dismantled (RomanM82) · Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0 · Reference photo of a plate heat exchanger, the one new part in the heat process. Credit: RomanM82, CC BY-SA 4.0.
- Photo: Brackish Groundwater National Desalination Research Facility, Alamogordo, NM · U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (public domain) · Reference photo of a New Mexico brackish-water desalination facility. Federal work, public domain.
- Image: The Great Red Spot (PIA23606), JunoCam · NASA/JPL-Caltech/SwRI/MSSS; processing Kevin M. Gill, CC BY · Jupiter's Great Red Spot, used as the metaphor image for 'Project Jupiter as filed'. NASA image data; processing by Kevin M. Gill under CC BY.
- Project Jupiter Site Render, Labeled (media gallery) · Project Jupiter Together · The only published site drawing. Labels: Data Center ×4, Warehouse, Operations, Secure Entrance, Secure Exit, Guard Booth, Security Fence, Transformer Yard, Modular Chiller Plants (closed loop system), Dry Coolers. Basis for our top-down map.
HELP IMPROVE THIS PLAN
Everything on this site is public record or published research, assembled by one NMSU computer-science student in a few days of reading. That is not enough people, and no one here claims these are the best possible ideas. If you are an engineer, a grower, a water operator, a lawyer, a Bloom or Oracle employee, a neighbor in Sunland Park, or a legislator, and you see a flaw, a better method, a missing source, or a cheaper way to reach the same result, send it. Corrections are welcome and will be posted with credit.
If Project Jupiter goes ahead, the goal is not to fight it forever. It is to make it the project New Mexico should have been offered in the first place: one that works with the county instead of on top of it.